企业人力资本投资风险的理论分析与对策探讨

企业是以追逐利润为目的的经济组织,为了提高员工的生产能力,提高经济效益,一般都会对员工进行人力资本投资。企业人力资本投资具有与政府公共人力资本投资和个人人力资本投资不同的特点,主要表现为追逐利润动机明确、出资主体较单一、投资方式较简单、投资风险大。造成企业人力资本投资风险的因素是多方面的,企业必须采取一定的对策措施减少人力资本投资收益的不确定因素,降低投资风险。     

中国土壤上的沉默权分析

沉默权起源于17世纪的英国，因为制度的先进性和理论的合理性后被广为推崇。我国学界对中国是否应该引入沉默权展开了激烈的讨论。从中国沉默权的立法现状着手，论证了在中国土壤下建立沉默权的可行性，并在建构这项制度方面提出了自己的建议。     

Human behaviour: the key source of uncertainty in fisheries management

There is broad consensus that the main problem facing fisheries globally is too many boats chasing too few fish. Unfortunately it is also possible to argue that there are too many proposed solutions and not enough practical answers to improving fisheries management. There is a deepening divide between those who propose alternative regulatory controls on fishers, including establishing large areas permanently closed to fishing, and those who argue for better alignment of incentives combined with broad participation of resource users in fishery management decisions (in simple terms, between top down and bottom up systems of governance). However despite the choice of policy instruments used, a consistent outcome is that resource users behave in a manner that is often unintended by the designers of the management system. Hence whilst uncertainty is broadly recognized as a pervasive feature of fisheries management, to date most of the attention has focussed on only part of that uncertainty – scientific uncertainty about the status of exploited resources. The effect of uncertainty generated on the human side of fisheries science and management has received much less attention. However, the uncertainty generated by unexpected resource user behaviour is critical as it has unplanned consequences and leads to unintended management outcomes. Using empirical evidence of unexpected resource user behaviour and reviewing current responses to unexpected management outcomes, we identify different approaches that both improve prediction of human behaviour in fisheries systems and identify management measures that are more robust to these sources of uncertainty. However, unless the micro scale drivers of human behaviour that contribute to macro scale implementation uncertainty are communicated effectively to managers and considered more regularly and in greater depth, unanticipated responses to management actions will continue to undermine management systems and threaten the sustainability of fisheries.     

Floristic diversity and vegetation patterns along disturbance gradient in arid coasts in southern Mediterranean: Case of the Gulf of Gabès,southern Tunisia

Knowledge about vegetation patterns along disturbance gradients is essential for conservation and management of coastal habitats in arid regions. This study focuses on the floristic diversity and the factors controlling the vegetation structure in the Gulf of Gabès (Tunisia). For this purpose, the floristic diversity of 120 relevés belonging to three coastal sites with different disturbance levels (40 relevés per site) was analyzed in relation with 10 environmental and anthropogenic factors. Therophytes constitute 54% of the 237 plants species belonging to 44 families identified in the present study. The species richness and floristic diversity indices exhibited a similar trend and peaked in the slightly disturbed site (H′?=?3.38; S?=?176). The similarity between sites was relatively low and reached its maximum between the little and the highly disturbed sites. Two-way indicator species analysis and detrended correspondence analysis applied on the floristic data resulted in groups mainly determined by disturbance level by explicitly segregating the three sites. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) indicated that the spatial pattern of species composition was mainly influenced by anthropogenic variables. Partial CCA revealed that the effect of anthropogenic variables on floristic composition was thrice higher than the effect of environmental variables (57.5% vs. 18.4%, respectively). Overall, this study provides a broad understanding of the floristic diversity and vascular plant richness in the Gulf of Gabès. The obtained results reflected a disturbance–diversity pattern and thus revealed the obvious importance of maintaining the intermediate disturbance for biodiversity conservation and monitoring.     

人居环境视角下居民垃圾分类意愿实证研究及政策建议——基于河南省郑州、洛阳、商丘和漯河四地市的调研

基于河南省人居环境现状,分别对郑州、洛阳、商丘和漯河四地市进行了实地调研,通过建立二元Logistic模型,分析了影响居民垃圾分类意愿高低的因素。结果表明:文化程度、经济发展、政策支持对提高居民垃圾分类意愿具有较强的正相关影响,而居民人居环境满意度对提高垃圾分类意愿具有负相关影响;女性相比男性的垃圾分类意愿更高,城市居民相比农村居民的垃圾分类意愿更高。基于此结论,从政府和社会两个方面分别提出了相关建议,以供参考。     

对自诉权的理论解构

自诉权源于个体的一种自我保护,它的理论基础在于权利保护和程序正义。本对对自诉权的构成要素、属性进行了分析。本文认为,自诉权的构成要素有三个方面:自诉权主体、自诉权的行为对象与效力以及自诉权的内容。自诉权的主要属性有三个方面:自诉权是一种自然之权也是法定之权、自诉权是一种诉权、自诉权是一种相对权也是一种非强制性权利。     

异步电动机调速系统自适应辨识的CMAC-ADRC算法

针对异步电动机调速系统快速响应时启动超调量大的问题,提出了一种基于自适应参数辨识的小脑模型神经网络复合自抗扰控制(CMAC-ADRC)的控制算法。将CMAC与ADRC各自的优点相结合,利用CMAC神经网络实现前馈控制,通过在线学习来抑制系统的超调量,增强系统的鲁棒性能,提高系统的快速性能,利用ADRC技术实现反馈控制,进一步增强系统的抗干扰能力。利用参考模型自适应参数辨识技术对转动惯量进行辨识,优化自抗扰补偿系数。以变频器结合异步电动机为控制对象,进行仿真,基于自适应参数辨识的CMAC-ADRC控制算法的干扰响应幅度是一阶优化自抗扰控制下干扰响应幅度的44.57%,是小脑模型神经网络复合比例-微分(CMACPD)控制下干扰响应幅度的17.69%,干扰恢复时间是一阶优化自抗扰控制下干扰恢复时间的50%,是CMAC-PD控制下恢复时间的60%。搭建MCU-CPLD-DSP控制平台进行了实验,基于自适应参数辨识的CMAC-ADRC控制算法的超调量是一阶优化自抗扰控制的45.49%,上升时间是一阶优化自抗扰控制的53.33%,干扰响应幅度是一阶优化自抗扰控制干扰响应幅度的71%,干扰恢复时间是一阶优化自抗扰控制干扰恢复时间的76.47%。     

农村人力资源开发的核心--加强农村教育

农村人力资源开发的根本目的是充分发掘和利用农村人力资源,为农村社会经济的发展服务。我国农村人力资源从数量和质量两个方面来衡量,其现状是数量过大、质量供给不足。农村人力资源开发重点在于提高农村人力资源的质量,核心是加强农村教育。即以提高新增劳动力素质为核心,加强农村基础教育;以就业为导向,大力发展农村职业技术教育;以农民培训为重点,大力开展农村成人教育。     

瓦斯浓度红外检测噪声消除方法研究

将数学方法与实验方法相结合,通过测量信号和参考信号的比值,消除由于光源的不稳定及其他因素引起的检测误差、外界环境引起的误差等,并利用数学方法推导得到计算方程。实验结果验证此类方法的可行性,可有效消除井下复杂恶劣环境带来的一系列噪声干扰,包括检测系统固有的性能误差和外部环境引起的干扰误差。     

How management strategies have affected Atlantic White-cedar forest recovery after massive wind damage in the Great Dismal Swamp

In September 2003 Hurricane Isabel swept through eastern North Carolina and Virginia, destroying most of what formerly ranked among the most extensive remaining stands of Atlantic White-cedar (Chamaecyparis thyoides L., cedar). As Atlantic White-cedar communities are dependent on irregular, large-scale disturbances, the hurricane event can be viewed as an opportunity for perpetuating cedar populations in the Great Dismal Swamp. The success of cedar regeneration in the Dismal Swamp has been influenced by the management strategies employed by Great Dismal Swamp National Wildlife Refuge (active management) and by the adjacent Dismal Swamp State Park (passive management). We investigated the regeneration success of Atlantic White-cedar 5 years following Hurricane Isabel by sampling five stands at the Dismal Swamp State Park withstanding varying impact from the storm and previous windthrow events. We compared our findings to regeneration surveys completed at the adjacent Great Dismal Swamp National Wildlife Refuge. Atlantic White-cedar seedling densities were up to 100 times higher in the actively managed Wildlife Refuge compared to the passively managed State Park. We also determined the seedbank of viable cedar seeds and we described the vegetation at the State Park. The stands at the State Park are now dominated by red maple (Acer rubrum) with a dense shrubby understory. Since viable cedar seeds were still present in the seedbank (>800,000 ha⁻¹), future seedling establishment is possible at the State Park. However, active management is essential for achieving sufficient seedling densities and survival for regenerating a mature cedar stand.